Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Mycobiota and Other Microbiota from Fingernails
Adeoti Olatunde Micheal,
Ponle Temitope Elisabeth,
Komolafe Kafilat Adenike,
Adedokun Elisabeth Olajumoke,
Abiola Adebiyi,
Olufemi Samson Olutope,
Adesina David Ademola
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
29 January 2021
Accepted:
27 February 2021
Published:
9 March 2021
Abstract: This study was carried out to ascertain the hygienic practices among tertiary institutions study and also to isolate and identify microbiota from their thereby conduct molecular screening of fingernails for potential pathogens. A total of 300 nail samples carefully aseptically collected from 30 consented individuals include artificial and natural fingernails from both male and female students of The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki. The students’ consent were sought for and other ethical issues were complied with as stipulated by the Institutional Ethical Committee. The fingernails were swabbed with sterile swab sticks and thereafter inoculated on the surface of suitably prepared media plates and sub-cultured to obtain pure isolates. Morphological and biochemical tests were carried out on the isolates to confirm the isolates. All students were found to harbour diverse microbes on their undernails. The microorganisms isolated include: E.coli 16.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 22.2%, Streptococcus spp 13.88%, Bacillus spp 25%, members of the Acinetobacter 2.77%, Salmonella spp 13.88%, Fungi 5.55%. The suspected Fungi isolates were sent for sequencing for further identification and characterization. The highest prevalence was found to be more in females than in their male counterparts, which could be as a result of unhygienic practices especially nail-fixing related of artificial nails because those with artificial nails keep longer nails than keeping natural nails. This result further confirmed that fingernails are a possible reservoir of several microbes and could be implicated in the spread of more virulent microorganisms.
Abstract: This study was carried out to ascertain the hygienic practices among tertiary institutions study and also to isolate and identify microbiota from their thereby conduct molecular screening of fingernails for potential pathogens. A total of 300 nail samples carefully aseptically collected from 30 consented individuals include artificial and natural f...
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Effect of Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaf on Nissl Granules, Immunohistochemistry of Inferior Colliculus and Oxidative System Following Quinine Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Idorenyin Umoh,
Theresa Ekanem,
Herbert Mbagwu,
Justina Udotong
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
6-17
Received:
30 September 2020
Accepted:
22 October 2020
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: The metabolite of Quinine, 3-hydroxyquinine is the active substance and more toxic than quinine hence, it can exert pro-oxidant effect in the body. In this study, the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was evaluated against quinine toxicity on nissl granules, immunohistochemistry of inferior colliculus and oxidative system of Wistar rats. Fifty Wistar rats weighing 180 – 200g were alloted into 10 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control while Groups 2 to 10 were the treatment groups. Groups 2 – 4 received 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight of quinine hypochloride injection intramuscularly eight hourly for 7 days. Groups 5 – 7 were orally administered 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight of M. oleifera leaf extract daily for 7 days respectively. Group 8 received 250mg/kg of leaf extract orally and intramuscular (IM) 10mg/kg of quinine; Group 9 was treated with oral 500mg/kg of the extract and IM 20mg/kg of quinine while Group 10 received 750mg/kg of the extract orally and IM 30mg/kg of quinine for 7 days. Results revealed that quinine significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) in treated rats. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed significant increase in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical observations revealed that quinine caused neuronal distortions, nuclear degenerations, and depletion of Nissl granules, vascular congestions and vacuolations and increased astrogliosis in the inferior colliculus. Incorporation of the extract to the quinine treated groups revealed neuronal regenerations, increased staining intensity and density of the Nissl granules, reduced astrogliosis and restoration in the inferior colliculuscyto-architectures. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be used to ameliorate the adverse effects of quinine toxicity on inferior colliculus.
Abstract: The metabolite of Quinine, 3-hydroxyquinine is the active substance and more toxic than quinine hence, it can exert pro-oxidant effect in the body. In this study, the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was evaluated against quinine toxicity on nissl granules, immunohistochemistry of inferior colliculus and oxidative system of Wistar...
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Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces and Articles Used for COVID 19 Patient
Nemkholam Chongloi,
Seema Sachdeva
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
18-22
Received:
26 April 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Disinfection of environment surfaces and articles used for COVID 19 patient plays an important role in reducing indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – the virus responsible for COVID-19. Depending on the type of surface, SARS-CoV-2 can remain viable between eight hours to several days. The surfaces are contaminated when virus-containing droplets land on surfaces, or when someone with contaminated hands touches these surfaces. Virus contamination in both health care as well as non-health care settings can be reduced by good disinfection practices. Cleaning and disinfection is fundamental because it kills any remaining germs on the surface and thereby reduces the spread of germs. Therefore disinfection of the health care environment is vital in reducing infection rate. Following strict cleaning and disinfection protocols is the key to make sure that the patient as well as the health care worker remains safe. It is also important to increase awareness on how to clean and disinfect the articles used for Covid patient, so that the disease not spread to other patients and at the same time health care workers are protected. The disinfectant and its concentration should be carefully selected to avoid or minimize toxic effects on household members and also avoid damaging surfaces.
Abstract: Disinfection of environment surfaces and articles used for COVID 19 patient plays an important role in reducing indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – the virus responsible for COVID-19. Depending on the type of surface, SARS-CoV-2 can remain viable between eight hours to several days. The surfaces are contaminated when virus-containing droplets lan...
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