Gingko biloba Extract Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Animals
Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi,
Olatunji Sunday Yinka,
Owolabi Joshua Oladele,
Olanrewaju John Afees,
Ejime James Ekenedilichuku
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
16-24
Received:
30 July 2017
Accepted:
17 August 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in attenuating cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 24 adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 145g were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into groups of four: groups A (control), B (Cd at 50mg/kg BW), C (Cd at 50mg/kg BW and GBE at 100mg/kg BW) and D (Cd at 50mg/kg BW and GBE at 300mg/kg BW). Liver tissues were excised, homogenized and centrifuged to obtain supernatant for analysis of liver enzyme activities including ALP, AST, and ALT. Other samples were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24 hrs and processed for histological analysis. Statistical analysis of data - one way analysis of variance- was done using GraphPad Prism 5. Results indicated changes in the activities of liver enzymes (ALP and AST) in the treated groups compared to the control group. ALP activity was significantly higher in group B compared to groups C and D. Also, AST activities of group B was significantly higher than the control group, and no significant difference was observed in the activities of ALT across the groups. It was observed that cadmium produced cytotoxic effects in both the liver histoarchitecture and enzyme activities as seen in the increased levels of ALP, AST activities while Ginkgo biloba ameliorated alterations in enzyme activities and preserved liver histoarchitecture. The low dose of Ginkgo biloba was more effective in ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects.
Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in attenuating cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 24 adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 145g were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into groups of four: groups A (control), B (Cd at 50mg/kg BW), C (Cd at 50mg/kg BW and GBE at 100mg/kg BW) an...
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Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals
Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi,
Olatunji Sunday Yinka,
Owolabi Joshua Oladele,
Olanrewaju Afees John,
Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
25-35
Received:
6 September 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
23 October 2017
Abstract: Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.
Abstract: Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various...
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