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Reflection of the Type of Medical Curriculum on Its Anatomy Content: Trial to Improve the Anatomy Learning Outcomes
Ahmed M. S. Hegazy,
Liaqat Minhas
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
52-63
Received:
15 July 2015
Accepted:
24 July 2015
Published:
28 July 2015
Abstract: Doctors without anatomy are like a blind that deceives the road in the desert. Traditionalists perceive a decline in Anatomy knowledge and attribute it to the modern methods of teaching and learning. Reformers point to evidence that modern approaches offer equivalent results in assessment when compared to traditional courses. It seems that there are three aspects that need to be resolved: when, how much, and how to teach anatomy. In this study we reviewed more than 80 articles to conclude some guidelines which can help in improving anatomy learning outcomes in different medical curricula. Conclusions: We concluded that the challenge should not be to determine supremacy of one methodology over another but to maximize the learning benefit available from the different methods. In any model of medical curricula, a professional team of medical anatomists have to share in all the steps of curriculum building, the assessment tools and the final evaluation till the approval of the curriculum to: 1- Ensure that all the basic anatomical objectives are chronologically arranged and sufficiently covered in a suitable time and methodology without inflation of the curriculum by more sophisticated details which taught only for the postgraduate students and medical anatomists. 2- Prevent any restriction of important basic knowledge which will not be covered later on and will affect the physician medical practice. 3- Ensure that all the basic anatomical objectives are demonstrated with their clinical application without the sophisticated details of the clinical points which will be taught in details in the clinical years
Abstract: Doctors without anatomy are like a blind that deceives the road in the desert. Traditionalists perceive a decline in Anatomy knowledge and attribute it to the modern methods of teaching and learning. Reformers point to evidence that modern approaches offer equivalent results in assessment when compared to traditional courses. It seems that there ar...
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Overview on the Anatomical and Clinical Aspects of Mandibular Prognathism
Ahmed M. S. Hegazy,
Bakr Ahmed Bakr
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
64-69
Received:
17 July 2015
Accepted:
24 July 2015
Published:
28 July 2015
Abstract: The form and size of the human mandible is subject to considerable variation from the accepted normal. One of the more interesting and rewarding aspects of oral surgery is the operative correction of the Mandibular abnormalities, the category of malformation into which the mandibular deformity falls. In this study we reviewed more than 30 articles to clarify the mandibular prognathism with its effects. Conclusion: Awareness of the normal and abnormal variations of the mandibular anatomy with their causes, deferential diagnosis, prognosis and complications especially mandibular prognathism is very important for the maxillo-facial surgeon to achieve a suitable decision during treatment
Abstract: The form and size of the human mandible is subject to considerable variation from the accepted normal. One of the more interesting and rewarding aspects of oral surgery is the operative correction of the Mandibular abnormalities, the category of malformation into which the mandibular deformity falls. In this study we reviewed more than 30 articles ...
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The Effects of Valproic Acid on the Skeletal Development and the Ameliorative Effects of Combined Use of Folic Acid and Vitamin E in Pregnant Albino Rats
Gamal Abdel Salam,
Omar ABd Alaziz Allam
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
70-78
Received:
6 August 2015
Accepted:
13 August 2015
Published:
19 August 2015
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate skeletal developmental defects secondary to chronic valproic acid (VPA) use during pregnancy and the extent of ameliorative effect of combined use of vitamin E and folic acid (FA) during VPA therapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty virgin female albino rats were allowed to get pregnant and were divided into three equal groups: Control group received no medications; VPA group received oral VPA 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) starting on gestational day (GD) 1 till GD20 and Prophylaxis group received oral VPA (400 mg/kg BW) and vitamin E 250 mg/kg BW and folic acid 100 µg/kg BW using gastric tube starting on GD1 till GD20. At GD20, uterine horns were examined for resorption sites, alive or dead fetuses. Extracted living fetuses were examined for BW, crown-rump length (CRL), and antero-posterior (AP) and biparietal diameters and for congenital malformations. Results: VPA significantly reduced all body measurements of living dams compared to control dams. Prophylaxis therapy significantly increased BW, CRL and AP skull diameter compared to VPA dams. The GD20 fetus of VPA group showed delayed ossification of skull bones with wide anterior fontanel (AF) and widely separated parietal bones, very small ossification center (OC) for hyoid bone. Caudal vertebrae were unossified or showed very small OC with no evident OC for calcaneous, metatarsal bones or distal phalanges. Fetuses of prophylaxis group showed slightly wide AF than that of control animals and parietal bones are separated to lesser extent than VPA group. Mandible is developed, with an OC for hyoid bone and sternebrae are seen. Six caudal vertebrae and few OC in phalanges are seen, but no OC in calcaneous. Conclusion: VPA chronic administration during pregnancy showed deleterious effects on fetal body measurements and skeletal system development. Concomitant administration of vitamin E and FA significantly ameliorated these changes.
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate skeletal developmental defects secondary to chronic valproic acid (VPA) use during pregnancy and the extent of ameliorative effect of combined use of vitamin E and folic acid (FA) during VPA therapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty virgin female albino rats were allowed to get pregnant and were divided into three equal groups:...
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Arterial Supply of Sciatic Nerve and Its Impact on Clinical Practice
El Sayed Aly Mohamed Metwally,
Nancy Mohamed Aly El-Sekily,
Naguib Abd El Karim Ramadan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
79-84
Received:
17 August 2015
Accepted:
3 September 2015
Published:
9 September 2015
Abstract: Sciatic nerve is the nerve of the posterior compartment of thigh; it is formed in the pelvis from the ventral rami of L4 to S3 spinal nerves. It leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and divides into common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve at the level of the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. The vasculature of peripheral nerves is adapted specifically to their structure and function. Arterial vessels that reach main nerve trunks originate from the adjacent main arteries or their muscular or cutaneous branches. Although variability in arterial supply of sciatic nerve was discussed by some authors it is still deficient. To minimize sciatic nerve ischemia and its concomitant problems, an understanding of the origin and course of the arteries supplying it in the gluteal region and the posterior compartment of thigh is important. The present study aimed to detect the different arteries supplying the sciatic nerve in the gluteal and posterior thigh regions and to study the importance of this in clinical practice. Three cases subjected to vascular surgery and twenty lower limbs of ten formalin preserved male cadavers were used. Higher division of sciatic nerve was observed in all specimens. In 6 specimens (30%), arterial supply of sciatic nerve originated from the inferior gluteal artery, 6 specimens (30%)from first, second and third perforating arteries, 5 specimens (25%)from the lateral circumflex femoral artery and 3 specimens (15%)from internal pudendal artery. Anastomosis between internal iliac artery through its internal pudendal branch and external iliac artery through perforating arteries was observed. It was concluded that there is a good anastomosis between internal iliac and profunda femoris artery on the same side but cross pelvic anastomosis is absent or deficient and in case of profunda femoris occlusion we should preserve internal pudendal artery and the reverse.
Abstract: Sciatic nerve is the nerve of the posterior compartment of thigh; it is formed in the pelvis from the ventral rami of L4 to S3 spinal nerves. It leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and divides into common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve at the level of the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. The vasculature of periphe...
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